Solid Waste Management Operation & Maintenance Using Pyrolysis Technology
The Pollachi Municipality having population of 90124 is generating Municipal Solid waste of 50 TPD , which are being collected on door to door basis and transported to the Dump yard/ Compost yard / Municipal Solid waste
Processing Facility for its final processing and disposal. The Processing plant
has been developed under Special Municipal Solid Waste Management fund and Swatch Bharath Mission Fund with the facilities such as one third portion roof covered windrow platform , leachate collection arrangement, Leachate treatment and processing shed with machineries such as receiving hopper, trammel, organic pulveriser, plastic pulveriser, screener for refinement, etc., along with appropriate length, thickness, width of conveying belt with stand hold carrying arrangement, Electronic Weighing Machine, Electrification/EB panels, Water supply, toilets, office rooms and Compound wall. These facilities have been developed to convert the organic composition of municipal solid waste into organic manure and to dispose the recyclable material to the vendors.
However this Request for Proposal is to operate and maintain a Mixed Municipal Solid Waste Processing facility / plant for receiving , processing daily fresh mixed Municipal Solid Waste and simultaneously process the existing old legacy waste /dumping yard waste and to convert into final useful products with zero residue with no land fill at the end of the process through operation and maintenance [O&M] of existing machineries including correction in process line ( if required ) by means of inducting new machineries for a period of 20 years ”
The technology suggested by over JV is in accordance with present rules and regulations – norms of Government Authorities like MOEF&CC, CPCB, TNPCB, National Green Tribunal (NGT) etc and should be flexible enough to augment the capacity and accommodate environment friendly changes to be imposed by governing authority like MOEF&CC, CPCB, TNPCB, National Green Tribunal (NGT) and other all regulatory agencies in future.
THE CHALLENGE
It is estimated that 50 TPD of MSW is generated in the urban areas of Pollachi. Currently, the MSW is being collected, transported and disposed at dumping yard,
This practice attracts a lot of public and academicians’ objection in view of open dumping of MSW, obnoxious odour and a menace of flies etc. It also poses a great risk of ground water contamination due to percolation.
Further, it is assessed that nearly 21 diseases occur from improper disposal of MSW in our country.
As per the Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000, waste disposal methods prescribed includes composting, vermin composting, anaerobic digestion and incineration.
Pollachi Municipality explored the possibilities of adopting composting. Reportedly, two factors are attributing constraint to implement the same in Pollachi viz.
- Poor source segregation
- Mingling of plastic wastes with MSW.
THE PROCESS
Segregation
In Segregation the Solid waste either fresh or mined will be dried and segregated into (1)Metals & Bottles (which goes to re-cycle), (2)Other Inert materials like Stones, Concrete & and any non-combustible materials (which are converted onto Pavement Tiles) & (3) All other Combustible Materials Shredded to 30-40mm size. (which are converted in to Liquid Fuel, Fuel Gas & Carbon Mass using Pyrolysis). (4) Source segregated bio-degradable market & kitchen waste will be ground and fed into the Aneorobic Digester, (the bio gas is used to produce power and the manure is a saleable product) Nothing will be sent to Dump Site.
Pyrolysis
In Pyrolysis all combustible waste materials in a continuous process reactor under inert atmosphere without Oxygen heated to 450 – 700 Deg. C. Will be converted into Hydrocarbon Gas and Carbon Mass, The Carbon mass is the basic Raw material for production of Carbon Fuel Pellets in subsequent Process, The Hydrocarbon Gas gets cooled in Condensers and collected as Liquid Fuel, still 20% of Hydrocarbon gas which cannot be condensed and called as permanent gas will be used to heat up the reactor also run the Electricity Power Generator, No wastage, no Residues and no Pollution in this process. More over no power supply is required since this system self generating and sustainable sometimes produce power for other process also, The waste heat is utilized to dry the input Solid waste prior to shredding.
Pelletization
The only left over material from the solid waste, the carbon mass from Pyrolysis reactor is pulverised in to fine powder then mixed with binder and converted into Carbonised Fuel Pellets in the Pellet Mill, These Pellets have Calorific value up to 8000Kcl and less than 3% ash content widely used for Boilers or Power Plants.
Power Generation
The Power Generation is a part of our proposal (since Bioneer Green Energy the Implementing Company is particular about Sustainability in Future so all their recent projects they do not want to apply for electrical energy) we have drastically reduced the requirement of Electrical Power.
THE TECHNOLOGY
Pyrolysis is the decomposition of organic compounds under oxygen‐free atmosphere to produce carbon, furnace oil & gas.
Process Steps
Input – Waste Biomass, Controlled heat and pressure in the absence of oxygen
Output – Carbonised Powder (Intermediate product transformed into Carbon Pellets), Furnace Oil (marketable product), Flue gases (recycled for plant consumption)
Application of the process in the Plant
- Segregated Waste biomass is fed into the Reactor Vessel and heated under controlled conditions of temperature and pressure.
- As a result, carbonised powder is produced along with oil and other gases.
- The vaporized gases are passed through Heat Exchangers (condensed), for cooling, resulting in some quantities of pyrolysis oil generation.
- Carbon is generated in powder form. It is further pelletized to obtain a product with high calorific value which finds market as a heating medium in industrial furnaces & as a substitute to currently available fuel inputs.